Tau ntev, ntau hom khoom siv yas pov tseg tau siv dav hauv cov neeg nyob hauv lub neej.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev tsim cov qauv tshiab xws li kev lag luam e-lag luam, kev xa khoom xa tuaj, thiab nqa tawm, kev noj cov thawv yas noj su thiab ntim yas tau nce sai, uas ua rau muaj peev txheej tshiab thiab ib puag ncig siab.Kev pov tseg tsis tu ncua ntawm cov yas pov tseg yuav ua rau "dawb paug", thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig hauv kev tuav pov hwm cov yas tsis raug.Yog li, koj paub ntau npaum li cas txog cov hauv paus ntawm cov khoom pov tseg yas?
01 Plastics yog dab tsi?Yas yog ib hom siab molecular organic compound, uas yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau ntim, plasticized, xim thiab lwm yam thermoplastic forming cov ntaub ntawv, thiab belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm siab molecular organic polymers.
02 Kev faib tawm ntawm cov yas Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yas tom qab molding, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom khoom yas:thermoplastic thiab thermosetting.Thermoplastic yog ib hom saw linear molecular qauv, uas softens tom qab rhuab thiab replicate cov khoom ntau zaus.Cov yas thermosetting muaj ib lub network molecular qauv, uas dhau mus tas li deformation tom qab ua tiav los ntawm tshav kub thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab luam tawm.
03 Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv hauv lub neej?
Cov khoom siv yas hauv lub neej niaj hnub feem ntau suav nrog: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thiab polyester (PET).Lawv siv yog:
Polyethylene plastics (PE, suav nrog HDPE thiab LDPE) feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ntim khoom;Polypropylene yas (PP) feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ntim thiab cov thawv ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam .;Polystyrene yas (PS) feem ntau yog siv ua npuas ncauj cushions thiab cov thawv ntim khoom noj ceev, thiab lwm yam.;Polyvinyl chloride yas (PVC) feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ua si, ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam;Polyester yas (PET) feem ntau yog siv los ua lub raj mis haus, thiab lwm yam.
Yas yog nyob txhua qhov chaw
04 Tag nrho cov pov tseg yas mus qhov twg?Tom qab cov yas raug muab pov tseg, muaj plaub qhov chaw mus-incineration, landfill, recycling, thiab ib puag ncig ntuj.Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tshawb fawb tau luam tawm hauv Science Advances los ntawm Roland Geyer thiab Jenna R. Jambeck hauv 2017 tau taw qhia tias txij li xyoo 2015, tib neeg tau tsim 8.3 billion tons ntawm cov khoom yas hauv 70 xyoo dhau los, ntawm 6.3 billion tons raug pov tseg.Kwv yees li ntawm 9% ntawm lawv tau rov ua dua tshiab, 12% yog incinerated, thiab 79% yog pov tseg los yog muab pov tseg.
Plastics yog tib neeg tsim cov khoom uas nyuaj rau degrade thiab decompose qeeb heev nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso.Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg, nws yuav siv li ntawm 200 mus rau 400 xyoo kom degrade, uas yuav txo tau lub peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg;Yog hais tias nws yog incinerated ncaj qha, nws yuav ua rau mob hnyav thib ob rau ib puag ncig.Thaum cov yas raug kub hnyiab, tsis tsuas yog cov pa luam yeeb dub ntau heev, tab sis kuj muaj cov tshuaj dioxins.Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib tug kws incineration nroj tsuag, nws yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj qhov kub thiab txias (siab tshaj 850 ° C), thiab sau cov yoov tshauv tom qab incineration, thiab thaum kawg solidify nws rau landfill.Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no muaj peev xwm cov roj flue emitted los ntawm cov incineration cog raws li EU 2000 tus qauv, kom txo tau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug.
Cov khib nyiab muaj ntau ntawm cov khib nyiab yas, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha yog yooj yim los tsim dioxin, muaj zog carcinogen.
Yog tias lawv raug tso tseg rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, ntxiv rau qhov ua rau pom kev ua qias tuaj rau tib neeg, lawv kuj yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau rau ib puag ncig: piv txwv li, 1. cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb.Lub sij hawm degradation ntawm cov khoom yas tam sim no siv hauv peb lub teb chaws feem ntau siv 200 xyoo.Pov tseg cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb thiab cov hnab yas hauv cov teb ua liaj ua teb tau tso tseg rau lub sijhawm ntev.Cov khoom siv khib nyiab pov tseg tau muab sib xyaw rau hauv cov av thiab sib sau ua ke tsis tu ncua, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nqus dej thiab cov as-ham los ntawm cov qoob loo thiab inhibit kev tsim cov qoob loo.Kev loj hlob, ua rau txo cov qoob loo yields thiab deterioration ntawm av ib puag ncig.2. Ib qho kev hem thawj rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov tsiaj.Cov khoom pov tseg yas pov tseg rau hauv av los yog hauv dej yog nqos los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, ua rau lawv tuag.
Whales uas tuag los ntawm kev noj 80 hnab yas (qhov hnyav 8 kg)
Txawm hais tias cov khib nyiab yas yog qhov teeb meem, nws tsis yog "heinous".Nws lub zog puas tsuaj feem ntau yog khi rau qis qis dua.Cov yas tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua cov yas, cov khoom siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab tsim hluav taws xob, tig cov khoom pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis.Qhov no yog txoj kev pov tseg zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
05 Dab tsi yog kev siv thev naus laus zis rau cov khoom pov tseg yas?
Thawj kauj ruam: cais sau.
Qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kho cov khoom pov tseg yas, uas yooj yim rau nws siv tom qab.
Cov yas pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab ua cov yas, xws li cov khoom seem, cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab cov khoom pov tseg, muaj ntau yam, tsis muaj kuab paug thiab kev laus, thiab tuaj yeem sau thiab ua tiav.
Ib feem ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, xws li kev ua liaj ua teb PVC zaj duab xis, PE zaj duab xis, thiab PVC cable sheathing cov ntaub ntawv.
Feem ntau cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog cov khib nyiab sib xyaw.Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntau yam ntawm cov yas, lawv kuj sib xyaw nrog ntau yam kuab paug, cov ntawv lo thiab ntau yam khoom sib xyaw.
Qhov thib ob theem: crushing thiab sorting.
Thaum cov yas khib nyiab yog crushed, lub crusher tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li nws qhov xwm txheej, xws li ib leeg, ob-ncej lossis hauv qab dej crusher raws li nws qhov hardness.Qib ntawm crushing txawv heev raws li kev xav tau.Qhov loj ntawm 50-100mm yog ntxhib crushing, qhov loj ntawm 10-20mm yog zoo crushing, thiab qhov loj hauv qab 1mm yog zoo crushing.
Muaj ntau hom kev sib cais, xws li txoj kev electrostatic, magnetic method, sieving method, wind method, specific gravity method, flotation method, colour separation method, X-ray separation method, near-infrared separation method, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj Ruam 3: Kev siv peev txheej.
Plastic Recycling Technology feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
1. Direct recycling ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab sib xyaw
Cov khoom siv khib nyiab sib xyaw feem ntau yog polyolefins, thiab nws cov cuab yeej siv dua tshiab tau kawm ntau, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo.
2. Ua rau cov khoom siv yas
Kev rov ua dua cov khoom pov tseg yooj yim uas tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yas yog cov khoom siv siv ntau tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog siv rau cov thermoplastic resins.Cov khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev ntim khoom, kev tsim kho, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam.Cov tuam txhab sib txawv siv cov cuab yeej tsim tawm ntawm nws tus kheej hauv cov txheej txheem ua, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb.
3. Ua rau cov khoom yas
Siv cov thev naus laus zis uas tau hais los saum toj no rau kev ua cov khoom siv yas, tib yam lossis sib txawv cov khoom pov tseg ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom.Feem ntau, lawv yog cov khoom tuab, xws li cov phaj lossis cov tuav.
4. Kev siv hluav taws xob cua sov
Cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv lub nroog pov tseg tau muab cais tawm thiab hlawv kom ua kom muaj zog los yog tsim hluav taws xob.Cov cuab yeej yog tus paub tab.Cov combustion furnaces muaj xws li rotary furnaces, tsau rauv, thiab vulcanizing furnaces.Kev txhim kho ntawm theem nrab combustion chamber thiab kev nce qib ntawm tail gas kho tshuab tau ua rau tus Tsov tus tw roj emissions ntawm cov khib nyiab yas incineration zog rov qab mus txog tus txheej txheem siab.Cov pov tseg plastics incineration rov qab cua sov thiab hluav taws xob lub zog yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev tsim khoom loj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.
5. Roj
Tus nqi calorific ntawm cov yas khib nyiab tuaj yeem yog 25.08MJ / KG, uas yog cov roj zoo tagnrho.Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj muaj roj nrog cov cua sov sib xws, tab sis cov ntsiab lus chlorine yuav tsum raug tswj qis dua 0.4%.Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws yog pulverize plastics pov tseg rau hauv cov hmoov zoo los yog cov hmoov micronized, thiab tom qab ntawd muab sib xyaw rau hauv slurry rau roj.Yog tias cov yas khib nyiab tsis muaj chlorine, cov roj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov cement kiln, thiab lwm yam.
6. Thermal decomposition ua roj
Kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no yog tam sim no tseem ua haujlwm, thiab cov roj tau tuaj yeem siv los ua roj lossis cov khoom siv raw.Muaj ob hom thermal decomposition li: nruam thiab discontinuous.Qhov kub decomposition yog 400-500 ℃, 650-700 ℃, 900 ℃ (co-decomposition nrog thee) thiab 1300-1500 ℃ (ib nrab combustion gasification).Cov thev naus laus zis xws li hydrogenation decomposition tseem tab tom kawm.
06 Peb Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Niam Lub Ntiaj Teb?
1.Thov txo qis kev siv cov khoom siv yas pov tseg, xws li cov tais diav yas, hnab yas, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom yas pov tseg no tsis yog tsuas yog tsis zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv pov tseg.
2.Thov koom nrog hauv kev faib cov khib nyiab, muab cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, lossis xa lawv mus rau qhov chaw pabcuam kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub vev xaib.koj puas paub?Rau txhua tuj ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg, 6 tons roj tuaj yeem txuag tau thiab 3 tons ntawm carbon dioxide tuaj yeem txo.Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv muaj lus ceeb toom me me uas kuv yuav tsum qhia rau sawv daws: cov khoom siv huv huv, qhuav, thiab tsis muaj paug pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua, tab sis qee qhov tsis huv thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khib nyiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua!Piv txwv li, cov hnab yas tsis huv (zaj duab xis), cov thawv ntim khoom noj ceev uas siv tau rau cov khoom noj, thiab cov hnab ntim uas tsis muaj paug yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv cov khib nyiab qhuav.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-09-2020